{"id":6808,"date":"2010-12-16T19:34:00","date_gmt":"2010-12-17T00:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.howderfamily.com\/blog\/?p=6808"},"modified":"2022-06-14T07:16:38","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T12:16:38","slug":"x-to-nowhere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.howderfamily.com\/blog\/x-to-nowhere\/","title":{"rendered":"X to Nowhere"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>There are many places that have been labeled a &#8220;[Name You Favorite Transportation Infrastructure] to Nowhere&#8221;. Sometimes they exist to reference an abandoned site. Other times they focus on an improvement that seemed to benefit an unusually small constituency. I\u2019ll mention two rather well-known instances briefly today. Naturally I will ignore the political issues involved as the gory details aren&#8217;t particularly important to this article. Then I\u2019ll then focus a larger portion of my attention on something I stumbled upon by happenstance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bridge to Nowhere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/warrenlemay\/27181195167\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/978\/27181195167_54e98f9600_b.jpg\" alt=\"Ketchikan Airport, Ketchikan, AK. Photo by Warren LeMay; CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Ketchikan Airport and Ferry<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This designation came to great prominence in 2005. At that time Congress was considering an appropriation of more than $300 million for the Gravina Island Bridge across the Tongass Narrows. The bridge would have provided a direct connection between Ketchikan, Alaska on Revillagigedo Island with its airport on Gravina Island (<a href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/9JNF4rrzVC3fCkKL9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">map<\/a>). Historically, residents used <a href=\"https:\/\/www.borough.ketchikan.ak.us\/147\/Airport-Ferry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a ferry service<\/a> that ran every 15-30 minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Gravina Island Bridge failed to receive Federal funding after considerable public outcry. It wasn\u2019t the most cost-effective solution for the 8,900 residents of Ketchikan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are other \u201cbridges to nowhere\u201d including those located in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/HxbP3BcD4jpMR73j8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">New Zealand<\/a> (built in anticipation of roads never constructed)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/S3iLjFWeUgCcVQV3A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Arizona<\/a> (replaced by another bridge)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/JJex3USNYMxAfjLT9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Scotland<\/a> (intended to link to a structure never built)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Airport to Nowhere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/36234367@N00\/140067707\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/52\/140067707_5c1ebf4ca4_b.jpg\" alt=\"DSCN0874 (Johnstown Airport). Photo by Eileen Mundok; (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As I write this article in December 2010, the <a href=\"https:\/\/flyjst.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">John Murtha Johnstown-Cambria County Airport<\/a> in Pennsylvania handles three scheduled commercial airline arrivals and departures each day (<a href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/kE3JibMiYophH6pVA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">map<\/a>). That&#8217;s why many call it an Airport to Nowhere. However, it is a participant in the Essential Air Service (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.transportation.gov\/policy\/aviation-policy\/small-community-rural-air-service\/essential-air-service\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EAS<\/a>), a government program designed to subsidize flights to communities that would otherwise lose commercial air service in a deregulated environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Highway to Nowhere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/embed?pb=!1m24!1m12!1m3!1d191808.1539160422!2d-89.49808978909331!3d41.30881129423813!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!4m9!3e0!4m3!3m2!1d41.2577454!2d-89.3355531!4m3!3m2!1d41.3984568!2d-89.3831625!5e0!3m2!1sen!2sus!4v1630534864147!5m2!1sen!2sus\" style=\"border:0;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then I discovered an odd little spur in Illinois as I examining Interstate Highways to search for <a href=\"\/blog\/?p=6715\">corner-cutting segments<\/a>. The label said Interstate 180 and it led mysteriously to a tiny corner along the Illinois River.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.villageofhennepin.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hennepin<\/a> seems like a nice enough place. Nonetheless, what distinguishes this village of 700 people from thousands of other settlements with similar populations? Why do they have a 13-mile magic carpet ride to the outside world while others travel along country lanes?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Explanation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It had nothing to do with the fine people of Hennepin as far as I could tell. I\u2019m sure they deserve good things although perhaps not their own personalized Interstate spur. The justification used at the time, the late 1960\u2019s, focused on an alternate purpose: a steel mill and rolling plant. One hears about &#8220;Interstate Highways&#8221; but the complete name is actually the &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fhwa.dot.gov\/programadmin\/interstate.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways<\/a>&#8220;. Accordingly, steel is a vital military component that requires access to a defense highways in times of war. So it seemed to fit a need.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Does this explanation satisfy you? Personally, I find it lacking. All manner of well-maintained state and county roads radiate from Hennepin and exit onto nearby Interstate highways. It\u2019s not like these lightly-traveled rural byways would completely choke with traffic during national emergencies. Google Maps estimates an 18-minute trip from Hennepin to Interstate 80 via I-180. Then it calculates a 23-minute trip to Interstate 39 via State Route 71. The spur saves five minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Real Explanation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This isn&#8217;t a secret or a surprise. Kurami.com\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kurumi.com\/roads\/3di\/i180.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">3-digit interstate highways page<\/a> examined the situation and provided a great explanation (source citations are available on the Kurami page):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>&#8220;I-180 was added to the Interstate system on Jan. 25, 1967; and opened in the fall of 1969. In 1970, a study by the General Accounting Office (GAO) concluded that I-180 was constructed to satisfy the demands of a steel company (Jones &amp; Laughlin) looking to locate a plant in Hennepin. By objective criteria, more important routes in Tacoma and Tucson were turned down at the same time I-180 was approved. &#8216;No other interstate route has been constructed primarily to serve a private manufacturing company, and no other interstate spur serves an area with such a small population,&#8217; the GAO said. Another surprise: the $44M freeway&#8217;s cost per mile was about four times the prevailing rate at the time.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The mill closed soon thereafter. Then it reopened in 2002 and closed once again in 2009, passing through a variety of different owners along the way. The Illinois Department of Transportation considers I-180 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dot.state.il.us\/il50\/il_interstates.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the least traveled interstate<\/a> in the state. Only 2,000 vehicles pass through daily. There are vague plans to connect this with a four-lane road to Peoria but until then it will continue to serve as a highway to nowhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[<em><strong>UPDATE<\/strong>: I <a href=\"\/blog\/?p=17699\">drove the length of I-180<\/a> in 2017!<\/em>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are lots of X&#8217;s to Nowhere. Which one is your favorite?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>There are many places that have been labeled a &#8220;[Name You Favorite Transportation Infrastructure] to Nowhere&#8221;. Sometimes they exist to reference an abandoned site. Other times they focus on an improvement that seemed to benefit an unusually small constituency. I\u2019ll mention two rather well-known instances briefly today. Naturally I will ignore the political issues involved [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[97,11,50],"tags":[2230,14,1803,2640,2642,2644,804,2643,2641,2639,249,2637,2638],"class_list":["post-6808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-government","category-roads","category-water","tag-airport","tag-alaska","tag-bridge","tag-gravina-island","tag-hennepin","tag-i-180","tag-illinois","tag-interstate-180","tag-johnstown","tag-ketchikan","tag-pennsylvania","tag-road-to-nowhere","tag-tongass"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>X to Nowhere - Twelve Mile Circle - An Appreciation of Unusual Places<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bridges to nowhere, airports to nowhere, roads to nowhere all exists. 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