{"id":14733,"date":"2014-03-02T12:18:24","date_gmt":"2014-03-02T17:18:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.howderfamily.com\/blog\/?p=14733"},"modified":"2021-12-29T15:23:11","modified_gmt":"2021-12-29T20:23:11","slug":"just-fax","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.howderfamily.com\/blog\/just-fax\/","title":{"rendered":"Just the -fax, Ma&#8217;am"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Police sergeant Joe Friday never actually said &#8220;<em>just the facts ma&#8217;am<\/em>&#8221; on the vintage television show <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0043194\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dragnet<\/a>, according to <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.snopes.com\/fact-check\/just-the-facts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Snopes<\/a>. Rather, the character played by Jack Webb uttered different lines. People later confused things and created the classic phrase now erroneously attributed to the show.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Dragnet 1967   Season 3 Episode 2\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/n-6ANuaiOK0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A similar confusion surrounded the suffix &#8220;-fax&#8221; appended to surnames and place names. Ditto for surnames that later became place names. So -fax had an interesting etymology as <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wiktionary.org\/wiki\/fax\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">described in Wiktionary<\/a> and in other sources:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>&#8220;From Middle English, from Old English feax (&#8216;hair, head of hair&#8217;), from Proto-Germanic *fahs? (&#8216;hair, mane&#8217;), from Proto-Indo-European *poksom- (&#8216;hair&#8217;, literally &#8216;that which is combed, shorn, or plucked&#8217;), from Proto-Indo-European *pek- (&#8216;to comb, shear, pluck&#8217;).&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>It also noted cognates that existed in Dutch, German, Norwegian, Icelandic and Sanskrit. Generally they translating to something like hair, head of hair, mane, and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This might lead one to conclude that English place names ending in -fax might have something to do with hair. Those theories certainly existed with frequency. I substantiated some, debunked others, and couldn&#8217;t resolve the rest. Thus, it resembled the Joe Friday situation, where he sort-of uttered his famous catchphrase using different words. I even thought of a second title for this article &#8212; since I&#8217;m in the mood for bad puns &#8212; &#8220;Hair Today, Gone Tomorrow.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I focused on four -fax place names that traced to England. Of course feel free to cite others, and particularly their etymologies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fairfax<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/96225726@N08\/8842356123\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/3701\/8842356123_d927e7b822_b.jpg\" alt=\"Fairfax City's Elevation Highpoint. Photo by howderfamily.com; (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)\"\/><\/a><figcaption>The City of Fairfax Water Tower from my <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"\/blog\/?p=1978\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Water Tower Tour<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Fairfax grabbed my attention right away. This was both a county and an embedded independent city in Virginia (<a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/3LRxkMExa4NvD7NR9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">map<\/a>). It sat just outside of Washington, DC, and quite near where I live. Longtime readers might recall my epic journey to the City of Fairfax highpoint a number of years ago. I called this my so-called <a href=\"blog\/?p=1978\">Water Tower Tour<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fairfax had the cleanest history, etymology and past association with hair. County and city both derived from Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron. The county earning its name during the colonial era and the city afterwards. In this instance the <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lord_Fairfax_of_Cameron\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">peerage<\/a> originated with the surname so one must start there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I&#8217;ll help readers avoid a pile of sleazy baby-naming pages and sketchy genealogy websites peddling advertisements. Let&#8217;s skip directly to an <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=0kc60WqxYK4C&amp;lpg=PA141&amp;dq=etymology+fairfax+surname&amp;pg=PA141&amp;hl=en#v=onepage&amp;q=etymology%20fairfax%20surname&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">etymological dictionary<\/a>. Fairfax meant &#8220;fair haired&#8221;. Easy, right? So the million-plus residents of Fairfax, Virginia can decide whether that confers some kind of exalted level of status upon them or not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Colfax<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nearly every Colfax was located in the United States and many traced their names from Schuyler Colfax. He was the scandal-plagued Vice President who served under President Grant during his first administration (1869-1873).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One such Colfax town named for him, the one in Louisiana, had particular historical significance (<a href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/TgGWR9BKXMZp7Tib9\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">map<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As described by the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.shoppbs.pbs.org\/wgbh\/amex\/grant\/peopleevents\/e_colfax.html\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Public Broadcasting Service<\/a>,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>&#8220;On April 13, 1873, violence erupted in Colfax, Louisiana. The White League, a paramilitary group intent on securing white rule in Louisiana, clashed with Louisiana&#8217;s almost all-black state militia. The resulting death toll was staggering. Only three members of the White League died. But some 100 black men were killed in the encounter. Of those, nearly half were murdered in cold blood after they had already surrendered.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/jstephenconn\/4240501289\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4032\/4240501289_7cea047ae9_o.jpg\" alt=\"Colfax Riot Historical Marker. Photo by J. Stephen Conn; (CC BY-NC 2.0)\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Colfax Marker<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>An historical marker reflected the other side of the story, as noted by an article in the <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/newpittsburghcourier.com\/2013\/03\/04\/colfax-riot-or-massacre-a-brutal-defining-moment\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">New Pittsburgh Courier Online<\/a>. It stood outside of the Grant Parish Courthouse in Colfax since 1950. The marker stated, &#8220;<em>On this site occurred the Colfax Riot in which three white men and 150 negroes were slain. This event on April 13, 1873 marked the end of carpet bag misrule in the South<\/em>&#8220;. To be fair, the nation underwent racial turbulence during the 1950&#8217;s and the marker reflected certain sentiments of that period. Nonetheless the marker still stands today (<a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/vp6YM7a3mYr37iYF6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">street view image<\/a>). <em><strong>UPDATE<\/strong>: Officials finally <a href=\"https:\/\/www.journalofthecivilwarera.org\/2021\/07\/removing-the-white-supremacy-marker-at-colfax-louisiana-a-2021-success-story\/\">removed it<\/a> in 2021<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/americansurnames.us\/surname\/COLFAX\/meaning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">American Surnames<\/a> discussed two possible etymologies for Colfax. From German, Kohlfuchs referred to a specified color for horses, &#8220;dark sorrell or liver chestnut&#8221;. The fuchs part referring specifically &#8220;a very dark red&#8221;. Alternately, from Old German, it could refer to the previously-noted hairy explanation. I couldn&#8217;t find anything definitive either way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Halifax<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The preponderance of Halifax place names in North America traced back to George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax (1716-1771). These included, for example, Halifax in <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Halifax,_Nova_Scotia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nova Scotia<\/a>, <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=MELvnaCMKz8C&amp;lpg=RA1-PA271&amp;ots=yvg5NxQ1Kw&amp;dq=halifax+county+north+carolina+named+for+George+Montagu-Dunk,&amp;pg=RA1-PA271&amp;hl=en#v=onepage&amp;q=halifax%20county%20north%20carolina%20named%20for%20George%20Montagu-Dunk%2C&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">North Carolina<\/a> and <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gohalifaxva.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Virginia<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike Fairfax, the Halifax peerage derived from a location rather than a surname. The original underlying Halifax both for the earldom and the primary North American locations was Halifax <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Earl_of_Halifax\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">in West Yorkshire, England<\/a> (<a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/tkCyPKFi2zrcmrsW6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">map<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/dsykes34\/36123275172\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/4320\/36123275172_23be5a20f4_b.jpg\" alt=\"Princess Street Halifax. Photo by david_pics; (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Princess Street, Halifax<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Legends floated across the Intertubes about how Halifax descended from &#8220;holy hair&#8221;. They included some fanciful tale about a pious virgin who was executed and her hair displayed in public. This explanation has fallen out of favor though, making way for a much more mundane theory about how it <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Halifax,_West_Yorkshire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">may have derived<\/a> &#8220;<em>from the Old English halh-gefeaxe, meaning an &#8216;area of coarse grass in the nook of land.<\/em>&#8216;&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Carfax<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Readers from the United States likely did a double-take after seeing Carfax mentioned. That&#8217;s because it&#8217;s better known there as <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carfax_%28company%29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a company<\/a> that bombards viewers relentlessly with advertisements for vehicle history services. No worries, the Carfax reference in England seemed to be completely coincidental.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/sacred_destinations\/475894029\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/168\/475894029_f3b287de16_b.jpg\" alt=\"carfax tower. Photo by Holly Hayes; (CC BY-NC 2.0)\"\/><\/a><figcaption>The Carfax Tower<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Carfax, a crossroads, marked the central point of Oxford, England. Carfax itself also had a central point, <a aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.britainexpress.com\/cities\/oxford\/carfax.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Carfax Tower<\/a>, the remnants of a medieval church (<a href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/659X1wEpHP4CJ6KS6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">map<\/a>). It&#8217;s a tourist attraction now. For a modest fee, they let visitors climb the tower and experience panoramic views.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most sources seemed to believe that Carfax derived from the French <a href=\"https:\/\/www.etymonline.com\/word\/carrefour\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">carrefore<\/a>, &#8220;a place where four ways meet&#8221; and and earlier Latin quadrifurcus, &#8220;four-forked.&#8221; Some earlier sources discounted that etymology largely on the grounds that French place names weren&#8217;t common in England, and halfheartedly <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=agUVAAAAQAAJ&amp;dq=carfax+oxford+etymology&amp;pg=RA1-PA36&amp;hl=en#v=onepage&amp;q=carfax%20oxford%20etymology&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"undefined (opens in a new tab)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wondered if hair<\/a> figured into the etymology. Those theories didn&#8217;t seem to reach beyond the 19th Century, though.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Overall, -fax was a mixed bag: one usage likely related to hair; another a maybe, and two probably not.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Police sergeant Joe Friday never actually said &#8220;just the facts ma&#8217;am&#8221; on the vintage television show Dragnet, according to Snopes. Rather, the character played by Jack Webb uttered different lines. People later confused things and created the classic phrase now erroneously attributed to the show. A similar confusion surrounded the suffix &#8220;-fax&#8221; appended to surnames [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28,96,78,2121],"tags":[4522,4526,4521,4525,4524,2013,1083,3645,2402,2703,4523,30],"class_list":["post-14733","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cities","category-history","category-international","category-united-kingdom","tag-carfax","tag-carfax-tower","tag-colfax","tag-colfax-massacre","tag-dragnet","tag-england","tag-fairfax","tag-halifax","tag-louisiana","tag-nova-scotia","tag-oxford","tag-virginia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Just the -fax, Ma&#039;am - Twelve Mile Circle - An Appreciation of Unusual Places<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Confusion surrounded the suffix &quot;-fax&quot; appended to surnames and place names, and also to surnames that later became place names.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.howderfamily.com\/blog\/just-fax\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Just the -fax, Ma&#039;am - 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