{"id":1286,"date":"2009-05-06T18:46:27","date_gmt":"2009-05-06T23:46:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.howderfamily.com\/blog\/?p=1286"},"modified":"2022-05-22T07:40:16","modified_gmt":"2022-05-22T12:40:16","slug":"hydrological-apex-of-north-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.howderfamily.com\/blog\/hydrological-apex-of-north-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydrological Apex of North America"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Twelve Mile Circle has discussed watersheds and continental divides before. We\u2019ve crossed the <a href=\"\/blog\/?p=82\">Great Divide in Colorado<\/a> together. We\u2019ve visited the Red River of the North in Fargo, North Dakota that <a href=\"\/blog\/?p=23371\">drains to the Arctic<\/a> Ocean. And we\u2019ve even mentioned <a href=\"\/blog\/?p=39\">a small corner of Canada<\/a> that drains into the Gulf of Mexico. So divides are not a new topic here and something I enjoy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Imagine a scenario where multiple divides come together. That\u2019s not a far-fetched concept and it occurs in various places depending on what one considers a &#8220;divide.&#8221; Let\u2019s examine North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Are there only three drainage basins corresponding to the three oceans, Pacific, Arctic and Atlantic? I think those are probably a given. However, what about the Gulf of Mexico, the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Hudson Bay? Are they standalone or secondary watersheds? And what about Hudson Bay? If it doesn\u2019t stand on it\u2019s own merits does it &#8220;count&#8221; as an arm of the Atlantic, the Arctic or both?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The answer may even vary somewhat depending on international borders. There are Canada-centric and United States-centric points of view. Individual interpretations of the continental divides one chooses to recognize will result in inconsistent major and minor hydrological or hydrographic apexes (sources use both terms).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Huh?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Snow Dome<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Dome_Glacier_on_the_Columbia_Icefield.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Dome_Glacier_on_the_Columbia_Icefield.jpg\/1024px-Dome_Glacier_on_the_Columbia_Icefield.jpg\" alt=\"Dome Glacier on the Columbia Icefield. Ethan Sahagun, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>So if you\u2019re Canadian you might consider Snow Dome (<a href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/FNaSiMXYVyVqdagG8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">map<\/a>) to be North America\u2019s hydrological apex. If I climbed to the top of this mountaintop with a cup of water and poured it carefully upon the summit, the water would flow to three dramatically different places,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Pacific Ocean via the Columbia River<\/li><li>The Arctic Ocean via the Athabasca River, part of the Mackenzie basin<\/li><li>The Atlantic Ocean via the North Saskatchewan River of the Nelson River basin and Hudson Bay<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Let&#8217;s assume it doesn&#8217;t turn to ice on the mountaintop or flow into the ground or evaporate somewhere along the way. Those are all likely scenarios but lets keep it theoretical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u2019m not likely to ever climb the 3,456 m (11,339 ft) peak because I&#8217;m lazy and unmotivated. However, if I ever do find the energy I would take heart in knowing that there are two climbing seasons, March to Mid-July on skis and Mid-July to September on foot. I learned this from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.summitpost.org\/snow-dome\/154157\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Summit Post<\/a>, which is a website I\u2019ve enjoyed before while conducting research on State Highpoints. Check it out. They do a good job.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I particularly like Snow Dome but not solely for its hydrological significance. It also straddles the border between Alberta and British Columbia and the border between Banff National Park and Jasper National Park. Just imagine of all the geo-oddities I could collect with a single climb!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Triple Divide Peak<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/fritzmb\/5990989256\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/live.staticflickr.com\/6143\/5990989256_f9feb70977_b.jpg\" alt=\"Triple Divide Peak. Photo by fritzmb; (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>If you\u2019re from the United States you might consider Triple Divide Peak to be North America\u2019s hydrological apex. Triple Divide Peak is a little shorter than Snow Dome (2,444 m \/ 8,020 ft) but no less impressive for it\u2019s watery significance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Pacific Ocean via the Columbia River<\/li><li>The Arctic Ocean via the the Nelson River basin and Hudson Bay<\/li><li>The Atlantic Ocean via the Missouri\/Mississippi River Basin and the Gulf of Mexico.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Triple Divide Peak is located in Glacier National Park in Montana. But you can <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Triple_Divide_Peak_(Montana)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">read about it on Wikipedia<\/a> just as easily as I can so I don&#8217;t have a whole lot more to add. However if you&#8217;re considering a climb to this amazing point, consider this <a href=\"https:\/\/www.summitpost.org\/triple-divide-peak\/155348\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">quote<\/a> from Summit Post;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>&#8220;Always be aware, and don&#8217;t do anything stupid, like\u2014for example\u2014feed the bears, think that a mountain lion is even remotely related to your pet cat, or run up to a moose (moose are quite unpredictable, irritable, and very dangerous). And never, ever, EVER forget you&#8217;re in grizzly country; they insist on being left alone\u2014disagreement on that point is not an argument you&#8217;ll win!&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Um, no. So I&#8217;m not planning to climb this one either. What I do like about Triple Divide Peak is its truth in advertising. Just look at the image above and you can clearly discern it&#8217;s pyramidal shape. There is no doubt where each dividing line runs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you pan to various directions <a href=\"https:\/\/goo.gl\/maps\/H5vcBd4dep71anU87\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">on the map<\/a> you&#8217;ll notice a Hudson Bay Creek, a Pacific Creek, and sprouting from Medicine Grizzly Lake an Atlantic Creek. The people who discovered Triple Divide Peak&#8217;s exalted status were obviously very proud of their achievement and wanted everyone else to know. Good for them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hudson Bay Conundrum<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Does it bother you that different audiences use Hudson Bay to justify a connection both to the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean? I&#8217;m fine with it. It does actually drain to both, and these things are kind of arbitrary anyway. The larger point to consider is that water will flow to three locations extremely far apart. I suppose if I were pushed into a corner and could select only one I&#8217;d probably choose Snow Dome. Because, let&#8217;s get serious, Hudson Bay drains way more into the Atlantic than the Arctic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Twelve Mile Circle has discussed watersheds and continental divides before. We\u2019ve crossed the Great Divide in Colorado together. We\u2019ve visited the Red River of the North in Fargo, North Dakota that drains to the Arctic Ocean. And we\u2019ve even mentioned a small corner of Canada that drains into the Gulf of Mexico. So divides are [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,125,95,77,50],"tags":[1460,1463,398,1458,1457,1461,1459,1462],"class_list":["post-1286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-borders","category-canada","category-elevation","category-terrain","category-water","tag-banff","tag-glacier-national-park","tag-hudson-bay","tag-hydrographic-apex","tag-hydrological-apex","tag-jasper-national-park","tag-snow-dome","tag-triple-divide-peak"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hydrological Apex of North America - Twelve Mile Circle - An Appreciation of Unusual Places<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"There are a couple of different places that drain to the Atlantic, Pacific and Arctic Oceans, depending on variants.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.howderfamily.com\/blog\/hydrological-apex-of-north-america\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hydrological Apex of North America - 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